Risky sexual behavior is defined as multiple sexual partners in a lifetime plus sex without a condom. Gender and risky sexual behavior have an intriguing relationship. This study conducted aims to identify the gender difference and determinants of risky sexual behavior among youth. With a sample of 7490, males and females aged 15-29 drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The study was conducted based on socio-demography characteristics, youth individual characteristics, and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS data obtained from the Ethiopian demographic health survey (EDHS) 2016 by extracting male and female data. Univariate was used to display the data using tables compared between males and females. The binary logistic regression model was developed to identify the predictors of risky sexual behavior. Study shows 964 (37%) of males and 739 (15%) of females were engaged in risky sexual behavior. About 22.7% (1703) of the youth were risky at the national level. Bivariate analysis shows that males are 3.38 times more likely to engage in risky sexual practices compared to females (p<=0.001) respectively. In comparison to rural, the likelihood of risky sexual practices among males and females were significantly increase by 48.1% and 41.5% living in urban areas correspondingly (p < 0.01). Females aged 20-24 and 25-29 are more likely to be risky compared to those aged 15-19 (p<0.001). Significant gender differences in risky sexual behavior were observed with a higher risk in male respondents compared to females. The explanatory variables marital status, residence, region, and alcohol intake were a significant variation of males and females' risky sexual behaviors. Specific Strategies and approaches should develop to reduce risky sexual practices and improve reproductive health outcomes.
| Published in | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13 |
| Page(s) | 154-168 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Gender Difference, Risky Sexual Behaviors, Determinants, Youth, Ethiopia
| [1] | Glen Spyron, C. (2015). Risky sexual behavior in adolescence. |
| [2] | Roseman & Reichenbach. (2010). International Conference on Population and Development at 15 years: achieving sexual and reproductive health and rights for all? American journal of public health, 100(3), 403-406. |
| [3] | World Health Organization. (2022). Global health sector strategies on, respectively, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022-2030. |
| [4] | Gillespie, Kadiyala, & Greener. (2007). Is poverty or wealth driving HIV transmission? Aids, 21, S 5-S 16. |
| [5] | Newman, K., Fisher, S., Mayhew, S., & Stephenson, J. (2014). Population, sexual and reproductive health, rights and sustainable development: forging a common agenda. Reproductive Health Matters, 22(43), 53-64. |
| [6] | Idele, P., Gillespie, A., Porth, T., Suzuki, C., Mahy, M., Kasedde, S., & Luo, C.. (2014). Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among adolescents: current status, inequities, and data gaps.. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 66, S 144-S 153. |
| [7] | Sam-Agudu, N. A., Folayan, M. O., & Ezeanolue, E. E. (2016). Seeking wider access to HIV testing for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Pediatric research, 79(6), 838-845. |
| [8] | Irwin Jr, C. E., & Millstein, S. G. (1986). Biopsychosocial correlates of risk-taking behaviors during adolescence: Can the physician intervene? Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 7(6), S 82-S 96. |
| [9] | Ali, M. M., Dwyer, D. S., Vanner, E. A., & Lopez, A. (2010). Adolescent propensity to engage in health risky behaviors. The role of individual resilience. International journal of environmental research and public health, 7(5), 2161-2176. |
| [10] | Thin Zaw, P. P., Liabsuetrakul, T., McNeil, E., & Htay, T. T. (2013). Gender differences in exposure to SRH information and risky sexual debut among poor Myanmar youths. BMC Public Health, 13, 1-9. |
| [11] | Sun, C. J., Seloilwe, E. S., Magowe, M., Dithole, K. S., Miller, K. S., & St. Lawrence, J. S. (2018). Gender differences in sexual and reproductive health protective and risk factors of Batswana adolescents: Implications for parent and adolescent interventions. AIDS Education and Prevention, 30(1), 35-46. |
| [12] | Van Anders, S. M. (2015). Beyond sexual orientation: Integrating gender/sex and diverse sexualities via sexual configurations theory. Archives of sexual behavior, 44, 1177-121. |
| [13] | Byne, W., & Parsons, B. (1993). Human sexual orientation: The biologic theories reappraised. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(3), 228-239. |
| [14] | McCabe, J., Tanner, A. E., & Heiman, J. R. (2010). The impact of gender expectations on meanings of sex and sexuality: Results from a cognitive interview study. Sex Roles, 62, 252-263. |
| [15] | Leiblum, S. R. (2002). Reconsidering gender differences in sexual desire: An update. Sexual and Relationship Therapy., 17(1), 57-68. |
| [16] | Tolman, D. L., & Diamond, L. M. (2001). Desegregating sexuality research: Cultural and biological perspectives on gender and desire. Annual review of sex research, 12(1), 33-74. |
| [17] | McCall, K., & Meston, C. (2006). Cues resulting in desire for sexual activity in women. The journal of sexual medicine, 3(5), 838-852. |
| [18] | Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Federal Ministry of Health. (2012). HIV related estimates and projections for Ethiopia. 2012. |
| [19] | Muche, A. A., Kassa, G. M., Berhe, A. K., & Fekadu, G. A. (2017). Prevalence and determinants of risky sexual practice in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive health, 14, 1-11. |
| [20] | CSA-Ethiopia, I. C. F. (2016). International. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016: Key Indicators Report. |
| [21] | Fagerland, M. W., & Hosmer, D. W.. (2012). A generalized Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for multinomial logistic regression models. The Stata Journal, 12(3), 447-453. |
| [22] | Tura, G., Alemseged, F., & Dejene, S. (2012). Risky sexual behavior and predisposing factors among students of Jimma University, Ethiopia. Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 22(3). |
| [23] | Cislaghi, B., & Shakya, H. (2018). Social norms and adolescents’ sexual health: an introduction for practitioners working in low and mid-income African countries. African journal of reproductive health, 22(1), 38-46. |
| [24] | Marshall, W. L., & Barbaree, H. E. (1990). An integrated theory of the etiology of sexual offending. pp. 257-275). Springer US. |
| [25] | Block, J. H. (1973). Conceptions of sex role: Some cross-cultural and longitudinal perspectives. American psychologist, 28(6), 512. |
| [26] | Wellings, K., Collumbien, M., Slaymaker, E., Singh, S., Hodges, Z., Patel, D., & Bajos, N. (2006). Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective. The Lancet, 368(9548), 1706-1728. |
| [27] | Odimegwu, C., Somefun, O. D., & Chisumpa, V. H. (2019). Regional differences in positive sexual behaviour among youth in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of biosocial science, 51(2), 254-272. |
| [28] | Fetene, N., & Mekonnen, W. (2018). The prevalence of risky sexual behaviors among youth center reproductive health clinics users and non-users in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. PloS one, 13(6), e 0198657. |
| [29] | Cherie, A., & Berhane, Y. (2012). Peer pressure is the prime driver of risky sexual behaviors among school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. World Journal of AIDS, 2(03), 159. |
| [30] | Igra, Vivien, and Charles E. Irwin Jr. (1996). "Theories of adolescent risk-taking behavior." In Handbook of adolescent health risk behavior, pp. 35-51. Boston, MA: Springer US. |
| [31] | Ryan, J., Roman, N. V., & Okwany, A. (2015). The effects of parental monitoring and communication on adolescent substance use and risky sexual activity: A systematic review. The Open Family Studies Journal, 7(1). |
| [32] | Folayan, M. O., Adebajo, S., Adeyemi, A., & Ogungbemi, K. M. (2015). Differences in sexual practices, sexual behavior and HIV risk profile between adolescents and young persons in rural and urban Nigeria. PloS one, 10(7), e 0129106. |
| [33] | Coleman, L. M., & Testa, A. (2008). Sexual healthknowledge, attitudes and behaviours: variations among areligiously diverse sample of young people in London, UK. Ethnicity and Health,. 13(1), 55-72. |
| [34] | Akwara, Madise, & Hinde. (2003). perception of risk of HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour in Kenya. Journal of biosocial science, 35(3),, 385-411. |
| [35] | Liddon, N., Leichliter, J. S., Habel, M. A., & Aral, S. (2010). Divorce and sexual risk among US women: Findings from the national survey of family growth.. Journal of Women's Health, 19(11), 1963-1967. |
| [36] | Thepthien, B. O. (2022). Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually-experienced adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand: findings from a school web-based survey. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 1-11. |
| [37] | Thepthien, B. O., & Celyn. (2022). Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually-experienced adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand: findings from a school web-based survey. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 127. |
| [38] | Derese, A., Seme, A., & Misganaw, C. (2014). Assessment of substance use and risky sexual behaviour among Haramaya University Students, Ethiopia. Science Journal of Public Health, 2(2), 102-110. |
APA Style
Tafess, T., Negera, T. T. (2024). Gender Difference in Risky Sexual Behavior and Its Determinants Among Ethiopian Youth: Evidence from the 2016 Edhs. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 154-168. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13
ACS Style
Tafess, T.; Negera, T. T. Gender Difference in Risky Sexual Behavior and Its Determinants Among Ethiopian Youth: Evidence from the 2016 Edhs. Psychol. Behav. Sci. 2024, 13(6), 154-168. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13,
author = {Tibeb Tafess and Tefera Tezera Negera},
title = {Gender Difference in Risky Sexual Behavior and Its Determinants Among Ethiopian Youth: Evidence from the 2016 Edhs
},
journal = {Psychology and Behavioral Sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {154-168},
doi = {10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pbs.20241306.13},
abstract = {Risky sexual behavior is defined as multiple sexual partners in a lifetime plus sex without a condom. Gender and risky sexual behavior have an intriguing relationship. This study conducted aims to identify the gender difference and determinants of risky sexual behavior among youth. With a sample of 7490, males and females aged 15-29 drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The study was conducted based on socio-demography characteristics, youth individual characteristics, and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS data obtained from the Ethiopian demographic health survey (EDHS) 2016 by extracting male and female data. Univariate was used to display the data using tables compared between males and females. The binary logistic regression model was developed to identify the predictors of risky sexual behavior. Study shows 964 (37%) of males and 739 (15%) of females were engaged in risky sexual behavior. About 22.7% (1703) of the youth were risky at the national level. Bivariate analysis shows that males are 3.38 times more likely to engage in risky sexual practices compared to females (p<=0.001) respectively. In comparison to rural, the likelihood of risky sexual practices among males and females were significantly increase by 48.1% and 41.5% living in urban areas correspondingly (p < 0.01). Females aged 20-24 and 25-29 are more likely to be risky compared to those aged 15-19 (p<0.001). Significant gender differences in risky sexual behavior were observed with a higher risk in male respondents compared to females. The explanatory variables marital status, residence, region, and alcohol intake were a significant variation of males and females' risky sexual behaviors. Specific Strategies and approaches should develop to reduce risky sexual practices and improve reproductive health outcomes.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Gender Difference in Risky Sexual Behavior and Its Determinants Among Ethiopian Youth: Evidence from the 2016 Edhs AU - Tibeb Tafess AU - Tefera Tezera Negera Y1 - 2024/12/23 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13 DO - 10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13 T2 - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences JF - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences JO - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences SP - 154 EP - 168 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7845 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20241306.13 AB - Risky sexual behavior is defined as multiple sexual partners in a lifetime plus sex without a condom. Gender and risky sexual behavior have an intriguing relationship. This study conducted aims to identify the gender difference and determinants of risky sexual behavior among youth. With a sample of 7490, males and females aged 15-29 drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The study was conducted based on socio-demography characteristics, youth individual characteristics, and Knowledge of HIV/AIDS data obtained from the Ethiopian demographic health survey (EDHS) 2016 by extracting male and female data. Univariate was used to display the data using tables compared between males and females. The binary logistic regression model was developed to identify the predictors of risky sexual behavior. Study shows 964 (37%) of males and 739 (15%) of females were engaged in risky sexual behavior. About 22.7% (1703) of the youth were risky at the national level. Bivariate analysis shows that males are 3.38 times more likely to engage in risky sexual practices compared to females (p<=0.001) respectively. In comparison to rural, the likelihood of risky sexual practices among males and females were significantly increase by 48.1% and 41.5% living in urban areas correspondingly (p < 0.01). Females aged 20-24 and 25-29 are more likely to be risky compared to those aged 15-19 (p<0.001). Significant gender differences in risky sexual behavior were observed with a higher risk in male respondents compared to females. The explanatory variables marital status, residence, region, and alcohol intake were a significant variation of males and females' risky sexual behaviors. Specific Strategies and approaches should develop to reduce risky sexual practices and improve reproductive health outcomes. VL - 13 IS - 6 ER -
Center for Population Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Department of Public Health, Rift Valley University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
